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Posted: **Thu Aug 20, 2015 6:16 pm**

Good evening every one, as promised I'm here again :D
I'm having little troubles in trying to override the definition of the describe generic function... reading Sonja's book it seems she can do it without any problems so maybe I'm doing something wrong... I've tried the same way on different implementations and always get the same error, simply typing:

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(defclass my-class () ())
(defmethod describe ((obj my-class)))

I fall in the debugger mode with the error:

CLISP: Describe does not name a generic function
Clozure: The function DESCRIBE is defined as something other than a generic function
SBCL: Describe already names an ordinary function or a macro

It actually seems that describe isn't a generic function and that its value is bounded someway... nevertheless Sonja suggests as good practice its redefinition. How to handle it?
As ever, thanks and greetings :)

Posted: **Fri Aug 21, 2015 1:09 am**

You are looking for describe-object.

Posted: **Fri Aug 21, 2015 10:14 am**

Oh, perfect thank you!

Just for completeness... do you know why wasn't I allowed to override directly describe? What sort of function is it?

Posted: **Fri Aug 21, 2015 11:21 am**

Sonya Keene worked with an early version of CLOS, that had been slightly modified in the final ANSI version, but 99.99999% of the book still works today.

In ANSI Common Lisp DESCRIBE is a normal function like the functions defined by DEFUN, that can have no methods. That's why you get an error when you try to define a method for DESCRIBE. But DESCRIBE internally calls the DESCRIBE-OBJECT generic function, that also takes an additional STREAM argument, what is the output stream to write to.

All you need to do is to replace DESCRIBE with DESCRIBE-OBJECT like this:

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(defclass my-class ()
  ((a  :initarg :a  :accessor my-class-a)
   (b  :initarg :b  :accessor my-class-b)
   (c  :initarg :c  :accessor my-class-c)))

(defmethod describe-object ((obj my-class) stream)
  (format stream "The object ~s is an instance of class MY-CLASS.~%" obj)
  (format stream "  The object has three slots:~%")
  (format stream "    Slot A has a value of: ~a~%" (my-class-a obj))
  (format stream "    Slot B has a value of: ~a~%" (my-class-b obj))
  (format stream "    Slot C has a value of: ~a~%" (my-class-c obj))
  (values))  ; no return value

There are ways how to write this in one single FORMAT call instead of five but I didn't want to make it too complicated.

The following examples are printed by SBCL, the internal #<MY-CLASS {10061BF423}> representation may look different with CLISP.

Now you get:

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CL-USER> (describe (make-instance 'my-class :a 1 :b 2 :c 3))
The object #<MY-CLASS {10061BF423}> is an instance of class MY-CLASS.
  The object has three slots:
    Slot A has a value of: 1
    Slot B has a value of: 2
    Slot C has a value of: 3
; No value

There is also a PRINT-OBJECT generic function that works exactly like DESCRIBE-OBJECT, and defines how objects are printed:

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(defmethod print-object ((obj my-class) stream)
  (format stream "#<MY-CLASS a: ~a b: ~a c: ~a>"
                 (my-class-a obj)
                 (my-class-b obj)
                 (my-class-c obj)))

Before:

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CL-USER> (make-instance 'my-class :a 1 :b 2 :c 3)
#<MY-CLASS {1006F2F9F3}>

After:

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CL-USER> (make-instance 'my-class :a 1 :b 2 :c 3)
#<MY-CLASS a: 1 b: 2 c: 3>

The PRINT-OBJECT generic function is also explained in the Keene book.

What I wanted to show is that in ANSI Common Lisp DESCRIBE and DESCRIBE-OBJECT work exactly like PRINT and PRINT-OBJECT. I think this is one of the reasons why the behaviour of DESCRIBE in ANSI Common Lisp was changed from the old syntax in the Keene book.

- edgar

Posted: **Sun Aug 23, 2015 5:05 am**

Perfect perfect... I got it! And I like this simmetry... thanks you ;)

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